This is the SGLI LC dataset ver.1.000 produced using SGLI data.

Projection: Sinusoidal Equal Area projection 
	longitude of the central meridian = 0d00'00.0000"E
Ellipsoid: WGS84
	semi-major axis 		6378137.0 m
	semi-minor axis 		6356752.314245 m
	inverse of flattening 		298.257223563
Area: global
Reference Year: 2019,2020,2021
Input data: G4C ver.3
File name: GC1SG1_yyyy0101D01Y_Tvvhh_L3SG_LULCQ_1000.h5 [yyyy: reference year, vvhh: tile number, vv is vertical direction and hh is horizontal direction]

Reference data used: JAXA reference data of global LULC  v21.11 by RESTEC, JAXA and the University of Tsukuba, and shrub-reference-data collected by Hirade, RESTEC.

Data1: SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover
	* 16-bit unsigned integer
	* size: 4800 x 4800
	* Error_DN: 65535
	* Legend: 22 classes
		10; Broadleaved evergreen forest, closed [tree cover >40%]
		11; Broadleaved evergreen forest, open [tree cover 20-40%]
		20; Broadleaved deciduous forest, closed [tree cover >40%]
		21; Broadleaved deciduous forest, open [tree cover 20-40%]
		30; Needle-leaved evergreen forest, closed [tree cover >40%]
		31; Needle-leaved evergreen forest, open [tree cover 20-40%]
		40; Needle-leaved deciduous forest, closed [tree cover >40%]
		41; Needle-leaved deciduous forest, open [tree cover 20-40%]
		50; Mixed-type forest, closed [tree cover >40%]
		51; Mixed-type forest, open [tree cover 20-40%]
		55; Sparse forest [tree cover 10-20%]
		60; Shrubland (woody croplands are included in this class)
		70; Paddy fields
		80; Cropland (only herbaceous clops)
		90; Herbaceous vegetation
		100; Sparse vegetation
		130; Bare areas
		140; Mosaic of cropland and/or paddy and/or natural vegetation
		190; Wetland, or mosaic of water [water areas >20%] and other land covers
		210; Built-up areas (>50%)
		230; Permanent snow and/or ice
		240; Water bodies
		250; No data

Data2: SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover_Detailed
	* 16-bit unsigned integer
	* size: 4800 x 4800
	* Error_DN: 65535
	* Legend: 45 classes
		10; Broadleaved evergreen forest, very closed [tree cover >60%]
		11; Broadleaved evergreen forest, closed [tree cover 40-60%]
		12; Broadleaved evergreen forest, open [tree cover 20-40%]
		18; Plantation cropland (ex. oil palm, ...)
		20; Broadleaved deciduous forest, very closed [tree cover >60%]
		21; Broadleaved deciduous forest, closed [tree cover 40-60%]
		22; Broadleaved deciduous forest, open [tree cover 20-40%]
		30; Needle-leaved evergreen forest, very closed [tree cover >60%]
		31; Needle-leaved evergreen forest, closed [tree cover 40-60%]
		32; Needle-leaved evergreen forest, open [tree cover 20-40%]
		40; Needle-leaved deciduous forest, very closed [tree cover >60%]
		41; Needle-leaved deciduous forest, closed [tree cover 40-60%]
		42; Needle-leaved deciduous forest, open [tree cover 20-40%]
		50; Mixed-type forest, very closed [tree cover >60%]
		51; Mixed-type forest, closed [tree cover 40-60%]
		52; Mixed-type forest, open [tree cover 20-40%]
		55; Sparse forest [tree cover 10-20%]
		60; Shrubland, closed [shrub cover >50%]
		61; Shrubland, open [shrub cover 20-50%]
		62; Shrubland, sparse [shrub cover 10-20%]
		70; Paddy fields, once a year
		71; Paddy fields, twice or more a year
		72; Paddy fields, double cropping of rice paddy and other crops
		80; Cropland (herbaceous clops), single crop a year
		81; Cropland (herbaceous clops), double crops a year
		82; Cropland, agriculture in building (ex. green house, ...)
		85; Cropland (woody crops such as orchards, vineyards, ...)
		90; Herbaceous vegetation [high density]
		91; Herbaceous vegetation [moderate density]
		92; Herbaceous vegetation [low density]
		95; Pasture
		100; Sparse vegetation
		130; Bare areas
		140; Mosaic of cropland and/or paddy and natural vegetation, cropland and paddy >50%
		141; Mosaic of natural vegetation and cropland and/or paddy, natural vegetation >50%
		142; Mosaic of natural vegetation (trees, shrub and herbaceous vegetation)
		190; Wetland, or mosaic of water and other land covers [water areas 20-50%]
		191; Mangroves
		195; Aquaculture, or mosaic of water and other land covers [water areas >50%]
		210; Built-up areas [high intensity]
		211; Built-up areas [with moderate vegetation]
		212; Mosaic of built-up areas and other land covers [built-up areas <50%]
		230; Permanent snow and/or ice
		235; Mosaic of permanent snow and/or ice and other land covers
		240; Water bodies
		250; No data

Data3: Land_Cover_Changed_Areas
	* 16-bit unsigned integer
	* size: 4800 x 4800
	* Error_DN: 65535
	* Legend:
		0aaaa; Pixels where land cover did not change, aaaa=SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover [Data1]
		1xxyy; Land cover change pixels compared to previous year, xx=previous land cover, yy=current land cover
		2xxyy; Land cover change pixels compared to the year before previous year, xx=previous land cover, yy=current land cover
		xx and yy; 00 unknown, 01 forest [tree cover >60%], 02 forest [tree cover 40-60%], 03 forest [tree cover 20-40%], 04 forest [tree cover 10-20%], 11 shrubland [shrub cover >50%], 12 shrubland [shrub cover 20-50%], 13 shrubland [shrub cover 10-20%], 21 paddy, 26, cropland (herbaceous crops), 27 cropland (woody crops), 31 herbaceous vegetation [high density], 32 herbaceous vegetation [moderate density], 33 herbaceous vegetation [low density], 34 pasture, 41 mosaic of cropland and/or paddy and/or natural vegetation, 51 sparse vegetation, 52 bare areas, 61 built-up areas, 71 permanent snow and ice, 81 Wetland, 82 Water bodies
		xx=99; land cover itself has not changed but some event has occurred if xx=99 (ex. crop type changed, a forest fire occurred, ....) 

Data4: Land_Cover_Changed_Month
	* 8-bit unsigned integer
	* size: 4800 x 4800
	* Error_DN: 255
	* Legend:
		the number indicates the time when the land cover changes occurred
		0; unknown
		1; December this year
		2; November this year
		3; October this year
		4; September this year
		5; August this year
		6; July this year
		7; June this year
		8; May this year
		9; April this year
		10; March this year
		11; February this year
		12; January this year
		13; December last year
		14; November last year
		15; October last year
		16; September last year
		17; August last year
		18; July last year
		19; June last year
		20; May last year
		21; April last year
		22; March last year
		23; February last year
		24; January last year

Data5: QA_flag
	* 16-bit unsigned integer
	* size: 4800 x 4800
	* Error_DN: 65535
	* Legend:
		bit00; unclassified [1; unclassified mainly because of no input data]
		bit01-02; number of valid input data [0; 12 months, 1; 10-11 months, 2; 7-9 months, 3; 1-6 months]
		bit03-04; stability of land cover [0; stable, 1; moderately stable, 2; slightly unstable, 3; unstable]
		bit05-06; probability of correct classification [0; high, 1: moderate, 2; slightly low, 3; low]
		bit07-15; spares

Definition
	Water bodies:
		- Water bodies with >97[90-100]% (spatially), for >10months (temporally)
		- The following conditions are not considered; artificial or not, natural or not, whether it has moved or not, depth or salinity.
	Mosaic of water and other land covers [water areas >50%]:
		- Water bodies with 50-90% (spatially)
		- This class is included in "wetland, or mosaic of water [water areas >20%] and other land covers" by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover
	Mosaic of water and other land covers [water areas 20-50%]:
		- Water bodies with 20-50% (spatially)
	Permanent snow and/or ice:
		- Snow and/or Ice with >97[90-100]% (spatially), for >10months (temporally)
		- The following conditions are not considered; artificial or not, natural or not, whether it has moved or not, depth or salinity.
	Mosaic of permanent snow and/or ice and other land covers:
		- Snow and/or Ice with 50-90% (spatially), for >10months (temporally)
	Bare areas:
		- Natural soils and ground surfaces without human intervention and vegetation
		- Bare areas with >97[90-100]% (spatially), for >10months (temporally)
		- Included: mining areas
	Wetland:
		- Land with water bodies spatially or temporally, >20-70% water bodies (spatially) for >1months
		- Included: natural wetland [tree], natural wetland [herbaceous], salt marshes, peat bogs
		- Excluded: "Water bodies" class, paddy fields, moors and heathland
	Aquaculture:
		- Artificial wetland such as aquaculture ponds
		- This class is included in "wetland, or mosaic of water [water areas >20%] and other land covers" by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover
		- Excluded: paddy fields
	Mangroves
		- Mangroves
		- This class is included in "wetland, or mosaic of water [water areas >20%] and other land covers" by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover

	Classes that do not fall into the above categories will be divided into the following classes
		Cropland, Paddy fields:
			- Managed terrestrial areas
			- Agricultural land >80% (spatially)
				Cropland: Agricultural land without water temporally and spatially. Non-irrigated agricultural land.
				Paddy fields: Agricultural land with water temporally more than one month, spatially more than 50%. Irrigated agricultural land. 
				Cropland --- cropland[herbaceous, single crop a year], cropland[herbaceous, double crops a year], cropland[woody], agriculture in building (ex. green house, ...).
				Paddy fields --- paddy[twice or more a year], paddy[once a year], paddy[temporally double cropping of rice paddy and other crops]
			- Mosaic of cropland and paddy fields is included in the class of the more.
			- Cropland[woody] by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover_Detailed is assigned as appropriate shrubland or forest by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover.
			- Included: kitchen garden, orchards (not included by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover), vineyards (not included by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover). 
			- Excluded: abandoned or fallow land, pasture.
		Pasture:
			- Managed terrestrial areas
			- Grassland with human intervention (artificial shape, mowing, etc.). 
			- Grassland (herbaceous vegetation that does not contain agricultural crops) >50% (spatially)
			- Pasture by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover_Detailed is assigned as herbacious vegetation by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover.
			- Excluded: managed grassland in parks and golf courses.
		Plantation cropland:
			- Managed terrestrial areas
			- Cropland where plantation crops are grown, with >40% (spatially)
			- Included: oil palm, rubber trees. 
			- Excluded: tea.
			- This class is included in "Broadleaved evergreen forest, closed [tree cover >40%]" by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover
		Built-up areas:
			- Managed terrestrial areas
			- Built-up areas >50% (spatially)
			- Temporal changes are not considered, i.e., built-up areas that are temporarily transformed into forests, bare lands, water bodies, etc. during the year are included in this class.
				- Built-up areas [high intensity] --- built-up areas with almost no vegetation [vegetation(trees, shrub and/or herbaceous vegetation) <10%]
				- Built-up areas [with moderate vegetation] --- built-up areas with vegetation [vegetation 10-50%]
			- Included: artificial surfaces such as asphalt, artificially created ground surface, park.
			- Excluded: mining areas, green house.
		Natural and semi-natural terrestrial vegetation:
			- Natural and semi-natural vegetation >3% (spatially) and  >2months (temporally)
			- Included: abandoned or fallow land, managed grassland and/or trees (in parks and golf courses), moors and heathland.
			- Excluded: pasture.
			- This class has four detailed classes; forest, shrubland, herbaceous vegetation, sparse vegetation
				- Forest: tree covers (woody perennial plant with persistent and woody stems and a definite crown, with the height >3.0-5.0m) with the crown coverage >10-20%
					- Divided into 4 types by crown coverage; very closed (>60%), closed (40-60%), open (20-40%), sparse (10-20%)
					- Divided into 5 types by tree type; broadleaved evergreen(>80%), broadleaved deciduous(>80%), needle-leaved evergreen(>80%), needle-leaved deciduous(>80%), mixed (others)
					- Sparse forest is not devided by tree types.
				- Shrubland: shrub covers (woody perennial plant with persistent and woody stems and a definite crown, with the height 0.3-1.0m --- 3.0-5.0m) with the crown coverage >10-20%
					- Forest is not include in this class.
					- Divided into 3 types by crown coverage; closed (50-100%), open (20-50%), sparse (10-20%)
				- Herbaceous vegetation: natural and semi-natural vegetation covers that are neither trees nor shrubs with the coverage >10-20%
					- Forest and shrubland are not include in this class.
					- Woody plant with <0.1-0.5m height is included in this class.
				- Sparse vegetation: natural and semi-natural vegetation covers with the coverage <10-20%
					- Forest, shrubland and herbaceous vegetation are not include in this class, i.e., trees >10-20%, shrub >10-20% or herbaceous vegetation >10-20% are not included.
				- In the above definition, height is determined by the current height, not the height at maturity.
				- Bamboo and tea are included in trees and shrub if it meets the height criteria.
		Mosaic classes:
			- Mosaic of cropland and/or paddy fields and natural vegetation, cropland and paddy >50%
				- Agricultural land 50-80% (spatially) with natural vegetation (trees/shrub/herbaceous).
				- Included: Agricultural land 50-80% (spatially) with water or urban.
			- Mosaic of natural vegetation and cropland and/or paddy fields, natural vegetation >50%
				- Agricultural land 20-50% (spatially) with natural vegetation (trees/shrub/herbaceous).
				- Natural vegetation (trees/shrub/herbaceous) >50%.
			- Mosaic of natural vegetation (trees, shrub and herbaceous vegetation)
				- Mosaic of natural vegetation (trees, shrub and herbaceous vegetation)
				- This class is sometimes included in one of "Natural and semi-natural terrestrial vegetation".
			- Mosaic of built-up areas and other land covers [built-up areas <50%]
				- Built-up areas with other land covers [built-up areas <50%]
				- This class is not included in built-up areas by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover. It is assigned as appropriate Appropriateother land covers by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover.
		Mosaic of more than three species is not considered. 

Notes.
	* "Cropland[woody]" by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover_Detailed is assigned as "Shrubland" by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover.
	* "Plantation cropland (ex. oil palm, ...)" by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover_Detailed is assigned as "Broadleaved evergreen forest, closed [tree cover >40%]" by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover
	* "Mosaic of built-up areas and other land covers [built-up areas <50%]" by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover_Detailed is assigned as other land covers by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover.
	* "Pasture" by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover_Detailed is assigned as "Herbacious vegetation" by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover.
	* "Mosaic of water and other land covers [water areas >50%]" is included in "wetland, or mosaic of water [water areas >20%] and other land covers" by SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover
	* Land cover change pixels are not taken into account (no training data) for SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover[_Detailed], so such pixels are not classified correctly.
	* Use the SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover[_Detailed] if you want to know the land cover at a certain point in time.
	* Use the SGLI_Yearly_Land_Cover[_Detailed] of one reference year as a base map and overwrite the change pixels using Land_Cover_Changed_Areas, if you want to use the land cover maps over time.

Known issues
	* Data are missing where there is no Q-tile (ex. South Pacific Ocean)
	* The pixles are not classified where input data has error values for one year.
	* "Water bodies" at high latitudes with winter freezing is not clorrectly classified.
	* Salt lake is classified as snow in some places, such as Bolivia.
	* "Built-up areas" is often missclassified (ex. Cropland with low cropping intensity is often classified as "Built-up areas").
	* "Mosaic of cropland and/or paddy fields and natural vegetation" is often missclassified as "Plantation cropland" (ex. in Corsica, Sardinia, and the African continent).
	* There are places where black lava is classified as "Aquaculture, or mosaic of water and other land covers [water areas >50%]", such as at Galapagos Island and Hawaii.
	* There are places in the Pyrenees where Needle-leaved Evergreen Forest is misclassified as Broadleaved Evergreen Forest.
	* There are places where the airport, mining areas or Mosaic of forest and others was missclassified as "Mosaic of water and other land covers".
	* Forests of the Galapagos Islands is often missclassified as "Cropland" or "Paddy fields".
	* Grasslands from Tibet to Sichuan are missclassified as cropland.
	* Bare areas at the northern slope of Jan Mayen Island is misclassified as open needle-leaved evergreen forest.
	* Sparse trees and deforested areas in the tropics are sometimes classified as "Plantation cropland".
	* There is confusion between paddy, cropland, herbacous, shrub and sparse vegetaion. Changes between paddy, cropland, and herbaceous are mostly due to misclassification between each (changes in crop species, etc.) rather than land cover change.
	* There is a misclassification between herbaceous cropland, woody cropland and shrubland (ex. in Okinawa).
	* White sand is sometimes classifed as "Water".
	* Solar panel may be missclassified as Mosaic.
	* Evergreen forests near the mouth of the Amazon River have been often missclassified as mangrove.
	* Wetland is under-estimated in South America .
	* There are areas that are not actually built-up areas but are classified as built-up areas (e.g., at the Mosaic of water and other land covers in the river boundary area).
	* Evergreen Needle-leaved Forest in the Arctic Circle is sometimes classified as "Deciduous forest".
	* Currently, only pixels where vegetation conditions have changed are considered as land-cover change.
	* There is a lot of isolated land cover changed pixels (salt and pepper noise).
	* There are cases when land cover after deforestation or forest fires is classified as wetland or cropland.
	* Land cover may change when forest fires occur (ex. closed forest --> open forest/shrubland/grassland), and the same thing happens during recovery after a forest fire.



History of updates:

2024-11-01
	ver1000 >>> First version

2025-03-24
	ver1001 >>> Updated
    * The boundary between the America model and the EuAfAsOc model were set at sea, not by tiles.
    * Permanent snow and/or ice on the sea at polar region: Use the LANDWATER flag to change to water bodies.
    * Temporarily frozen ocean: For the area where LANDWATER flag == water, the pixel was set to water according to the value of NDWI, NDVI, or VN08, VN11 and SW03 (water body, snow/ice or salt lake).
    * Near the boundary of only 1km observation areaFIf the number of data is small, pixels classified as other than water were set to be no_data for areas where the landwater flag == water.
    * If there is only one month of valid G4C data, the pixel is not classified (unclassified as no data).
    * [not yet] Classification for the year 2018.


KOBAYASHI Toshiyuki (The University of Tsukuba)